微波辅助溶胶-凝胶法合成镧掺杂钛酸钡纳米微粉

以乙酸钡、钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用微波辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备La3＋掺杂钛酸钡,通过物相分析、电镜分析、红外分析及电化学分析等手段,研究其晶胞结构与电化学性能的改变. XRD分析表明：La3＋掺杂可以增大钛酸钡的晶胞体积、晶格常数a.扫描电镜分析显示：样品直径约50～200纳米的颗粒,为更小的粒子团聚而成,粒径不均匀,有团聚.红外光谱分析表明：制得的样品具有钙钛矿的钛氧八面体结构.电化学分析表明：La3＋掺杂的钛酸钡可以增大钛酸钡的储电性能,随着La3＋掺杂量的增大,储电量逐渐增加.当La3＋掺杂量达到0.002时,储电性能达到最优,随着La3＋掺杂量的增大,储电性能逐渐降低,但仍然比纯钛酸钡的储电性能好.     

双重优化对基于P3HT:PCBM有机太阳能电池效率的提高

有效提高太阳能电池对光的吸收效率是提高太阳能电池能量转换效率的重要因素.在以poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)为电子给体材料,[6,6]-phenyl C60-butyric acid methyl eater(PCBM)为电子受体材料的有机太阳能电池中,Poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)与活性层之间插入不同厚度的P3HT层,并在P3HT层最佳厚度的基础上,进一步在活性层中掺杂不同比例的Ag纳米粒子,双重优化了电池器件.当插入45 nm的P3HT层及掺杂质量比为5%的Ag纳米粒子时活性层薄膜的形貌及内部结构得到了改善,电池对光的吸收,及外量子效率得到了显著地提高,并出现红移现象.在25°C,光强为100 mW/cm2的条件下测量其短路电流密度JSC为11.21 mA/cm2,能量转化效率PCE为3.79%.     

石墨烯上吸附金原子团的电子结构性能研究

金属原子吸附于石墨烯上可以改善石墨烯的物理性能.本文采用第一性原理研究石墨烯上吸附不同数目,不同结构的金原子团.研究发现,比起单原子吸附,石墨烯表面更容易吸附多个金原子.线性型吸附结构的原子间相互作用大,吸附能比其他结构有所增加,电荷转移量大,体系更稳定.体系的磁性大小也与吸附结构相关,直线型吸附结构无磁性,且吸附结构越不对称,净磁矩越大.研究表明,吸附不同结构的Au原子团,可以改变石墨烯本身的能带结构,使其具有金属性或者半导体性的电子性能,具有广泛的应用领域.     

Preparation of NiO nanoparticles from Ni（OH）2-NiCO3-4H2O precursor by mechanical activation

A mechanical activation process was introduced as a facile method for producing nickel oxide nanopowders. The precursor compound Ni（OH）2-NiCO3-4H2O was synthesized by chemical precipitation. The precursor was milled with NaCl diluent. A high-energy ball milling process led to decomposition of the precursor and subsequent dispersal in NaCl media. Nickel oxide nanocrystalline powders were produced by subsequent heat treatment and water washing. Milling rotation speed, milling time, ball-to-powder ratio （BPR）, and nickel chlo-ride-to-precursor ratio were introduced as influential parameters on the wavelength of maximum absorption （λmax）. The effects of these pa-rameters were investigated by the Taguchi method. The optimum conditions for this study were a milling rotation speed of 150 r/min, a mill-ing time of 20 h, a BPR of 15/1, and a NaCl-to-powder weight ratio （NPR） of 6/1. In these conditions,λmax was predicted to be 292 nm. The structural properties of the samples were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectrometry.     

马钱子碱固体脂质纳米粒包封率的测定

建立马钱子碱固体脂质纳米粒中药物包封率的测定方法.采用葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法分离马钱子碱固体脂质纳米粒胶体溶液,再用HPLC测定溶液中马钱子碱的质量浓度,计算包封率.该法测定马钱子碱固体脂质纳米粒中马钱子碱的平均包封率为68.13%,RSD值为0.59%.葡聚糖凝胶法简便,准确,可以作为马钱子碱固体脂质纳米粒的包封率测定方法.     

金型与钯型离子聚合物金属复合材料的含水量与变形规律

以具有典型工艺特征的金型和钯型离子聚合物金属复合材料(Au-IPMC和Pd-IPMC)为研究对象,旨在阐释不同工艺过程和电极制备的IPMC材料随含水量变化其机电性能存在差异的现象。测量了两种IPMC材料静态含水量和环境湿度之间的关系,探讨了材料在湿态和干态下与室温湿度交换平衡过程中含水量的动态变化规律,测试了不同含水量下IPMC材料的力电响应关系,并将其转换为不同的湿度环境下的响应关系。实验结果表明:两种电极的IPMC材料在不同的湿度条件下含水量及变形规律具有相似性,即高含水量下呈现松弛变形,低含水量下无松弛变形;与Pd-IPMC材料相比,不同湿度条件下对应的Au-IPMC含水量相对偏低,且在95%稳态湿度下,Au-IPMC材料具有更好的驱动性能,变形达到17.4mm。     

油酸修饰铜纳米颗粒的摩擦学性能

在无水乙醇-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)水溶液混合体系中使用液相还原法制备了油酸修饰铜纳米颗粒.使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其形貌进行了表征,结果表明:油酸修饰铜纳米颗粒的粒径大小约为20 nm.用FALEX-6型四球试验机考察了其作为润滑油添加剂在液体石蜡中的抗磨减摩性能,结果表明:当添加纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.2%时就能明显降低摩擦系数,当添加纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.4%时摩擦系数下降至最低值,但当进一步增加浓度至1.0%时,摩擦系数开始有较大的增加趋势.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对摩擦表面进行观察,结果表明:当添加纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.4%时磨斑直径(WSD)为最小值,抗磨效果最好.     

Stable silver nanoparticles–aptamer bioconjugates for cellular prion protein imaging

Combining the unique optical properties of metal nanoparticles and the specific recognition of aptamer,aptamer–nanoparticle conjugates have been extensively used in a wide range of applications,particularly multifunctional nanoparticles for cell detection and molecular imaging.Conventional conjugates prepared by chemisorption of monothiol-modified oligonucleotides onto nanoparticle surfaces suffer from a lack of stability when exposed to a variety of small molecules.If silver is used in place of gold,then this lack of stability is even more pronounced.In this study,we reported here the effective and facile strategy of preparing stable silver nanoparticle–aptamer conjugates by in situ generation of strong metal affinity capping ligands,dithiocarbamates modified anti-prion protein aptamer.The conjugates produced are stable and can withstand NaCl concentration at0.25 mol/L.Meanwhile,they could be applied in the cellular prion protein imaging successfully.     

Effects of Au nanoparticle addition to hole transfer layer in organic solar cells based on copper naphthalocyanine and fullerene

Organic solar cells based on copper naphthalocyanine(CuNc) and fullerene(C60) were fabricated, and their photovoltaic properties were investigated. C60 and CuNc were used as n-type and p-type semiconductors, respectively. In addition, the effect of Au nanoparticle addition on a hole transfer layer was investigated, and the power conversion efficiency of the devices was improved after blending the Au nanoparticles into the hole transport layer. Nanostructures of Au nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Energy levels of molecules were calculated by molecular orbital calculations, and the nanostructure and electronic properties were discussed.& 2014 Chinese Materials Research Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

聚合物包裹双相分散兼具磁学和光学特性NiFeAu纳米粒子的合成与表征

本文采用微乳液法,以PEO-PPO-PEO为表面活性剂,1,2-十六烷二醇为还原剂,以乙酰丙酮镍(Ⅱ)、乙酰丙酮铁(Ⅱ)和醋酸金(Ⅲ)为前驱体,成功制备了多功能NiFeAu纳米粒子.通过傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)和紫外可见近红外分光光度计(UV-Vis)对其形貌、结构和性能进行了分析和研究,在正己烷和水中快速、高效和可逆的分散收集过程形象地展示了该纳米粒子良好的磁学性能和双相分散性.XRD和TEM分析证实了该纳米粒子的结构,SQUID、VSM和UV-Vis测试显示了它在室温条件下具有良好的磁学和光学性能.该NiFeAu纳米粒子有望在磁学、光学和生物医药等领域发挥作用.